The Buff-tailed Sicklebill (Eutoxeres condamini) is a species of hermit hummingbird. This hummingbird can be found in the lower Andes of Peru along with the lower Amazonia, along with Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia. It has a very wide range for a Peruvian hummingbird. Reading about the size of this hummingbird is one thing, but seeing it in person we were surprised at how large this bird was. They typically can get up to 5-6 inches long and weigh anywhere from 8-12 grams!Males and females are virtually identical, differing only in size (especially wing measurements), with the females being some 20% smaller.
Immature birds can be identified by their light-tipped remiges (pinions). They have hardly any blue on the neck and lack the naked crown stripe of the adult.
Range: East Anmdes from Southeastern Colombia, Ecuador to northern Peru.
ID: Longer beak. Abdomen strongly streaked. Bill longer, lower belly much streaked.
(Southern Buff-tailed Sicklebill) Eutoxeres condamini gracilis (Berlepsch; Stolzmann, 1902)
Range: Central Peru (east Andes) and northwestern Bolivia
ID: Shorter beak. Less streaking on the abdomen.
Breeding
Feeding
The upper plumage is an iridescent dull greenish. The under plumage is whitish, strongly streaked with dusky. There is a naked stripe on top of the head, but that stripe is usually concealed. There is a faint blue patch on the neck. The tips of the rectrices (the long flight feathers of the tail) are white.
Immature birds can be identified by their light-tipped remiges (pinions). They have hardly any blue on the neck and lack the naked crown stripe of the adult.
Subspecies
(Northern Buff-tailed Sicklebill) Eutoxeres condamini condamini (Bourcier, 1851)Range: East Anmdes from Southeastern Colombia, Ecuador to northern Peru.
ID: Longer beak. Abdomen strongly streaked. Bill longer, lower belly much streaked.
(Southern Buff-tailed Sicklebill) Eutoxeres condamini gracilis (Berlepsch; Stolzmann, 1902)
Range: Central Peru (east Andes) and northwestern Bolivia
ID: Shorter beak. Less streaking on the abdomen.
Breeding
The female Buff-tailed Sicklebill is responsible for building the remarkable cone-shaped nest the male's only involvement in the reproductive process is the actual mating with the female.One male may mate with several females. In all likelihood, the female will also mate with several males. The males do not participate in choosing the nest location, building the nest or raising the chicks.The nest is often near a stream or waterfall.The average clutch consists of two white eggs.The female alone protects and feeds the chicks she pushes the food down the chicks' throats with her long bill directly into their stomachs. The young are born blind they are brooded only the first week or two, and left alone even on cooler nights after about 12 days the chicks leave the nest due to the small nest size when they are about 20 days old.
Feeding
The Buff-tailed Sicklebills primarily feed on nectar taken from a variety of brightly colored, scented small flowers of trees, herbs, shrubs and epiphytes. They favor flowers with the highest sugar content (often red-colored and tubular-shaped).
An Indonesian endemic, the Arfak Astrapia is restricted to the Arfak Mountains in Vogelkop Peninsula, West Papua. Adult male, 76 cm including tail feathers; female, 50 cm. Male has head blue to purple velvety jet black, cheeks with blue highlights, nape to mantle cape yellowish-green, upper breast dense velvety black with bordered iridescent coppery bronze, upper wing and huge graduated tail black with purple iridescent sheen. Female has black head and remainder of plumage drab blackish brown, with iridescent blue sheen on the nape.
The diet consists mainly of pandanus fruits. In the wild, the bird has hybridised with the Black Sicklebill creating offspring that were once considered a distinct species, the Elliot's Sicklebill Epimachus ellioti. While some ornithologists still believe that this bird is a distinct species, possibly critically endangered or even extinct, many now think it was a hybrid between the two species.
Protected by its geographical isolation and undisturbed forests home, the Arfak Astrapia is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.
Courtship
Assumed to be polygynous. Unknown whether males display solitarily or in leks.
Breeding
Breeding season undefined; juveniles observed in July-August. Female builds and attends nests alone. Incubation and nestling period unknown. Hybridisation with Black Sicklebill known.
Habitat
Mid and upper montane and the subalpine forests; 1700-2250m.
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The Brown Sicklebill is distributed to mountain forests of New Guinea, Its appearance resembles the closely related and larger Black Sicklebill.This bird was discovered by Carl Hunstein in 1884. Its diet consists mainly of fruits, arthropods and small animals.
The Brown Sickbill, Epimachus meyeri is a large, up to 96 cm long, dark blue and green bird-of-paradise with highly iridescent plumages, a sickle-shaped bill, pale blue iris and brown underparts. The male is adorned with ornamental plumes on the sides of its rear and a huge sabre-shaped central tail feathers that are highly prized by natives. The female is a reddish brown bird with buff barred black below.
Polygynous
Solitary males display and sing at one or more traditional perches. Displays recorded February, May-August and September-December. Males incorporate static posture, pumping, leaning, upright postures where body is erect, tail slightly opened and flank plumes encircle body. Male also rotates body with a series of short jerks.
Breeding
Breeding at least April-January. Females build and attend to nests alone. Incubation, nestling and development unknown. Known to hybridise with Ribbon-tailed Astrapia in captivity.
For more information please visit- wikipedia
The Black Sicklebill, Epimachus fastuosus, is a large bird of paradise that occurs naturally in the midmountain forests of New Guinea (situated to the north of Australia in the southwest Pacific Ocean).
The male has black plumage with an iridescent green, blue and purple scale-like feathers, red iris, bright yellow mouth, long curved black bill, huge sabre-shaped tail and large erectile fan-like plumes on sides of breast. The female is smaller than the male. It has a reddish brown plumage with brown iris and buff below.
the male Black Sicklebill is the longest member of Paradisaeidae With up to 110 cm in length and the females about 48 cm. The female is smaller than the male. Her plumage is mostly reddish-brown, with chestnut wing-feather fringes and fine, dark brown barring on her off-white underparts. Her eyes are red-brown.
The diet consists mainly of fruits and arthropods. The male is polygamous and performs a horizontal courtship display with the pectoral plumes raised around its head.
Status
This species is listed as Vulnerable based on an estimated small population which is believed to be declining due to hunting for food or the long plumes of the males, which are used in traditional head-dresses. Other risks to their continued existence are a growing human population and conversion of their natural habitat for agricultural uses or forest losses due to logging. This species is intolerant of secondary forests caused by shifting agriculture and logging. The Black Sicklebill is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is listed on Appendix II of CITES.
